http://www.logicmatters.net/tyl/
short guide:
http://www.logicmatters.net/tyl/shorter-tyl/.
Especially for the first order:
1. Basic first-order logic
- Read Ian Chiswell and Wilfrid Hodges, Mathematical Logic (OUP 2007) for a natural deduction approach, followed by
- Christopher Leary A Friendly Introduction to Mathematical Logic (Prentice Hall 2000) up to §3.2, or Herbert Enderton, A Mathematical Introduction to Logic(Academic Press 1972, 2002) up to §2.5, for an axiomatic approach.
- If you struggle slightly, or just want a comfortingly manageable additional text: Derek Goldrei’s Propositional and Predicate Calculus: A Model of Argument (Springer, 2005) is explicitly designed for self-study. Read Chs. 1 to 5 (except for §§4.4, 4.5).
- Then for overview/revision/sideways looks at other ways of doing things: Wilfrid Hodges, ‘Elementary Predicate Logic’, in the Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Vol. 1, ed. by D. Gabbay and F. Guenthner, (Kluwer 2nd edition 2001, but little changed from 1st edition). Read first twenty short sections.
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